Electric heater



sept. z, m24. 1,507,142

- J. SCHOENFELD ELECTRIC HEATER Filed Aug. 1, 1922 4 Q* www Y 'giga/@Da Parental spr.2, 1924 .TosErH scHoEnrELn, en 'sAN Fan-Nemico, cALmoRNrA.

Application med August 1,1922. serial Nofsrsas.

Toirll whom. cohcem." t. y

afciti'zenof the United- States, residing in- 4the city `and county of San Francisco and 5: State of California, h ave invented'newyand useful vImprovements in Elect-rio Heaters, i of which the following is a specification.

"This inventionrel'ates to an electric heater andes ecially to theradiant or refiecting 10 ty e o heater. A, i

' lectricheaters ingeneral use today can orpractifcal purposes be grouped intotwo l5 radiation, and secondlythat class in which the heat -istransmittedmy reflection and direct radiation. 'Both types have their adyantages and also their objections, For 1nvst ancejthe first class". mentioned permits low 7 20 tempera-ture variation of the heatingele- ;ments" 'which eliminates irefhazard. They are also adapted for .the .maintenanceot' even andconstant temperatures whenn opuniforniheating f a room. The main ob- Jections are low efficiency when current con- .-sumption' `is considered and lack of ability heat lossesl by conduction to a' minimum.z -80 lto' rapidl`y.heat where a quick heat 4isfdesired, for instance bathrooms, bedrooms, etc. The".second class mentioned, or in other Au-*o'rds the reflector type, "is more etncient whencurrent consumption is considered-and v they? arel furthermore advantageous as-they 35 permit rapid heating. This is due-to the fact that .-.the heating elements almost instantly reach a'maximum temperature. The 'mainlobjection tothis type-of heateris that the heat rays provided are too concentrated and 'forthls reason only heat a small portion of a room. 'The electric heater forming the subject matter of the presentapplication combines the -advantages'ofboth types referred to;

the object .being to generally improved and simplify electric heaters; to provide a heater which transmits' heat both by convection, reile'cition and vdirect. radiation; a "beater which may be provided with large heating` areas, and which permits low tempereture operation; a heater adapted to ffm out, lor in' other ways uniformly spread the'heat .section taken 'on line 242, Fig.' 1. f

in Fig. 2. The frame prol "eratinand'are usually provided withl large I 25 heating lareas which permit .spreading and rays projected, and further -a heater' in which heat losses 'by conduction are reduced..` toamlnimum. i-' 55 One form -which my inventiongmay asl sume is exemplified inf the .following 'de' Vscription'and illustrated in the accompany inv drawings, in whichg. l is a frontvie'wof the nesten-1. 60

Fig. 2 is a central,- vertical, longitudinal.l :1?

Fig. 3 is a cross section taken Online p3,-3, Fig. 1." classes, first that/class in vwhich the heat 'is transmitted by convection "and .direct lleferrin to' the drawings in 6 0' mdlcates' t e main frame, `constructedof any suitable materiaLThis frame core'- sists of' av base secton'B, .side sectioned?,

and a'. top .section-3. .The rear sented by theJ base, sideand top sections 70 are flush 4and as such permit the heater Si; a -whole tofbe set`- dire'ct-lyagainst alia.

surface, such for instance asftheinside'pg'rf4 tition or 'wall of a bui1ding as illustrated mented in any 11 1anner desir and s f'pre"l erably constructed of material'A which!J isft -poor conductor of heat as one ,ofthafeaf-j tures of the Apresent invention isfto he Vresistance or heating elements 'employed .-2

-sitione l grooves. These grooves presentl parabolic" curve incross sctio'mand the faces of the Agrooves are preferablypolished A or otherwise, prepared Ato produce reflecting surfaces. the function-'of which will here.; l95 iuafter be described. 'lhefplate proper maybe constructed of any` suitable' material, but this material should be a poor conductor of heat asfl'eat losses by conduction are-thereby prevented lo@ and the general curved eiciency of the heater thereby increased. To further prevent losses b v conduction a dead air s ace is maintained between the plate andthe I'riain 'frame'vas indicated 'at 5.and as the main frame is also constructed of a silbl stantially speaking, non-conducting material, it can readily be seen that s uch losses will-be reduced to a minimum.`

The grooves-indicated at 6 lextend across the entire face of the plate andthe heating elements extend from end to end of the respective grooves; They are here maintained in the focal 4,center-of the parabolic grooves and areso maintained by a series area presented, and asf the supports arefconstructed of th'e same material as the pl'ate and in fac'tcast integral therewith, it can readily be seen that conduction losses through the supports will be very small.

In actual o ation it can readily be .seen

that-'the heating elements may be connected in series, paralleler otherwise, and that the -heat produced bythe current How through y the heating elements isl liberated,

direct radiatiomsecondly by reflection from the elongated parabolic surfaces presented, and third by convection as air will naturally rise from the vfloor of the room up- ,.wardly past the' heating elementsand will in' this 'manner be kept in constant circula 't tion. The heat liberated by direct radiation is radiated forwardlyin all directions and the heat projected by the reflectors is projected horizontally. and is spread out fan fashiondue to the curved formation of the plate and the parabolic grooves .formed therein. 'The heat is thus thrown over a large area and uniform heating of the room will take lace. A; large heatingarea is presented, ow temperature operation is permitted and fire hazard is thus prevented..

Current eiiiciency is brought to its maximum due to the manner of liberating and projecting the heat and also due to the fact that conduction'losses of heat are reduced to a minimum. An electric heater 1s in thls manchanges in form andproportionnmay'be resorted to within the scope of the appended claims, similarly that the materials and lin l ish vof the severalparts employed may be such as the experience and judgment of the manufacturer may dictate or various uses ma demand.

aving thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure xby Letters Patentis--- 1:.' 1. In a. heater of the character described an electric. resistance heating element support comprisinga plate constructed of material which has poor heat conductingqualities, an elongated groove formed in the plate, said groove in cross section presentin 'a parabolic curve, and a resistance element isposed in the focal center of vthe parabolic curve and extending substantially from end to end of the groov 2. In a heater of the character described anelectric resistance heating element suport comprising a plate constructed of marial which has poor heat conductingqualities, an elongated groove formed in the plate, 'said groove 'in .cross section 1 presentm a parabolic curve, a resistance element is- 'posed in the. focal-center` of the arabclic curve and extending substantially rom end 't0 end of the groove,"and means 'for'supporting the resistance element in the focal center and 'out of contact awith the...plate.

terial which has 'poor heat conducting quali- 3.`\In aheater of the characterdescribed ties, an elongated grooveformed in the plate,

said groove 1n cross section presenting a parabolic curve,`.a resistance element disposed in Ythe focal center of the 'arabolic curve and extending substantially rom end to end of the groove, and a vplurality of sup-V porting members disposed in the groove and maintaining the resistance element in the focal center of the arabola.

4. In a heater o the characterdescribed lanI electricy resistance heating element sup- 'port comprising a plate constructed of material which is a 'poor conductor of heat, an

ner produced which is particularly. Asuitableelongated groove formed in the faceofthe plate,'saidfgroove fin 'cross section presenting for the heating of rooms and thellile, but it is .also obvious th t the plate proper and the, heatin elementsab van or inary electric range or bake oven',

. and that the arrangement of the grooves and elements may be changed accordingly. The

main feature to be maintained is the arrangenient of the elongated grooves, which join each other and which are not subjected to` A'the direct heat of the elements asthe ele-v a parabolic 'curve and the entireV surface `of the groove 'forming a'n elongated reiecting surface, and a lieating element extendin from end to end ofthe groove and dispose inthe focal center of the elongated parabola.

5. In a heater of the character described r an electric resistance heating element su'pport comprising aplate c'ltructed of matev rial which is a poor conductor of heat, a series of elongated'parallel rooves formed in the face of the plate, sai grooves beinor polished to form reflecting faces, sai

grooves in cross section presenting parabolic curves, a heating element extending from end to end of each groove, and means for supporting each heating element in the focal center of each` groove.

6. In a heater of the character described an electric resistance heating element support comprising a plate constructed of material which is a poor conductor of heat, said plate presenting a curved exterior surface, a series of parallel grooves formed in said curvedexterior surface, said grooves being horizontally disposed and having a cross section which presents a parabolic curve, and a heating element extending from end to end of each groove and disposed in the focal center of each parabola.

' 7. In a heater of the character described an electric resistance heating element support comprising a plate like member, saidplate presenting a curved exterior surface, a series of parallel grooves formed in thev exterior.

Surface of said plate, said grooves having a cross section which presents a parabolic curve and a heating element extending from end to end of each groove and disposed in the focal centerof the parabolic curves.

8. In a heater of the character described a reflecting member presenting a curved exterior surface, said reflecting member being also. curved at right angles to its longitudinal axis to form a parabola, and a heating element disposed in the focal center of the parabola.

9. In a heater of the character described an elongated parabolic reflector, a heating element extending substantially from end to end thereof, and said elongated parabolic reflector being bent on theflipe of its longitudinal axis to present a curved surface.

l0. In a heater of the character described,

an elongated reflector, said reector presenting a parabolic curve in cross-section and a heating element extending substantially from end to end thereof, said element being disposed in the focal center of the parabolic curve. l1. In a heater of the character described, au electric resistance heating element support comprising a plate-like member, said plate presenting a curved exterior surface, a series of parallel grooves formed in the exterior surface of said plate, and a heatingI clement disposed in each groove'and extending substantiallyfrom end to end thereof.

JOSEPH SCHOENFELD, 

